RETURNS a formatted STRING.
This function is NOT SELF-SUFFICIENT because it requires the use of auxiliary functions to display results.
<?php
int sprintf ( str $format [, mix $arg1 [, ... , mix $argN ]] )
where,
$format = STRING FORMAT, with internal,
% replaceable specifiers
( SEE the below TABLE )
$arg1, ... , $argN = SUBSTITUTE ARGUMENTS
?>
| SPECIFIER % | TYPE | ARGUMENT | COMMENT |
| %% | literally % | ||
| %b | INTEGER | Represented as BINARY | |
| %c | INTEGER | Represented as CHARACTER - ASCII | |
| %d | INTEGER | Represented as DECIMAL NUMBER | +/- |
| %e | FLOAT | SCIENTIFIC NOTATION | |
| %E | FLOAT | As %e with the use of UPPERCASE | |
| %u | INTEGER | Presented as an UNSIGNED DECIMAL number. | no signal |
| %f | FLOAT | Compatible with LOCALE | |
| %F | FLOAT | As %f not compatible with LOCALE | |
| %g | FLOAT | Shorter of %e and %f. | |
| %G | FLOAT | Shorter of %E e %F | |
| %o | INTEGER | Presented as an OCTAL number | |
| %s | STRING | STRING |
|
| %x | INTEGER | Presented as an HEXADECIMAL number | lowercase |
| %X | INTEGER | Presented as an HEXADECIMAL number | UPERCASE |
| ADDITIONAL FORMATS | |||
| 0 | ZERO | FILLING WITH ZERO | Number of desired decimal places |
| " " | SPACE | FILLING WITH SPACES | Number of desired places |
| - | HYPHEN | Left-aligned value | Right-aligned as default |
| N1.N2 | N1 | INTEGER |
NUMBER OF DIGITS |
| N2 | DECIMAL | NUMBER OF DIGITS | |
| ed48 | |||
EXERCISE
<?php
$strA = 'If everyone liked %s, what would be the %s?';
$arg1 = 'BLUE';
$arg2 = 'YELLOW';
/* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
This function is NOT AUTO SUFFICIENT
The displayed data is made
with the need for ancillary functions
like: echo or print
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */
echo sprintf($strA, $arg1, $arg2) . '<br><br>';
?>
EXERCISE
<?php
/* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ATTENTION FOR THE COMPATIBILITY WITH LOCALE
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */
setlocale(LC_ALL, "pt-br.utf-8", "pt_BR.utf-8",
"portuguese-brazil", "ptb");
$cus_pt = "Este produto custa %s%1.2f por unidade.";
$cur_br = 'R$';
$val_pt = 5.71;
print sprintf($cus_pt, $cur_br, $val_pt);
echo '<br><br>';
setlocale(LC_ALL, "en_US", "american", "american english",
"american-english", "english-american",
"english-us", "english-usa", "enu", "us", "usa");
$cus_us = "This product costs %s%1.2f per unit.";
$cur_us = 'U$';
$val_us = 1.00;
print sprintf($cus_us, $cur_us, $val_us);
?>
EXERCISE
<?php
/* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
ATTENTION FOR THE NON COMPATIBILITY WITH LOCALE
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - */
setlocale(LC_ALL, "pt-br.utf-8", "pt_BR.utf-8",
"portuguese-brazil", "ptb");
$cus_pt = "This product costs %s%1.2F per unit.";
$cur_br = 'R$';
$val_pt = 5.71;
echo sprintf($cus_pt, $cur_br, $val_pt);
echo '<br><br>';
setlocale(LC_ALL, "en-us", "en_US", "american",
"american english", "american-english",
"english-american", "english-us",
"english-usa", "enu", "us", "usa");
$cus_us = "This product costs %s%1.2f per unit.";
$cur_us = 'U$';
$val_us = 1.00;
echo sprintf($cus_us, $cur_us, $val_us);
?>
EXERCISE
<?php
setlocale(LC_ALL, "en-us", "en_US", "american",
"american english", "american-english",
"english-american", "english-us", "english-usa",
"enu", "us", "usa");
$str04n = <<<EOD
In PHP there are TWO types
of variables:
\n<br>INTERNAL: %s
and \n<br>OF USER: %s
EOD;
$arg4 = '(predefined) ';
$arg5 = '(user-defined).';
$res04n = sprintf($str04n, $arg4, $arg5);
/* - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - -
This function is NOT AUTO SUFFICIENT
The displayed data is made directly
with the need for ancillary functions,
however, if you treat it as a VARIABLE and
you must use: echo or print to display it,
instead of displaying the
number of characters involved
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - */
echo '<br><br>' . $res04n;
?>
EXERCISE
<?php
$str05 = '2021 is equal to<br>%o (octal)<br>and to<br>%X (hexadecimal)';
$arg6 = 2021;
$arg7 = 2021;
$res05 = sprintf($str05, $arg6, $arg7);
echo $res05 . '<br><br>';
?>
EXERCISE
<?php
setlocale(LC_ALL, "en-us", "en_US");
$str06 = '2018.99987 + 421.9876 = %f';
$arg8 = 2018.99987 + 421.9876;
$res06 = sprintf($str06, $arg8);
echo '<br><br>' . $res06;
setlocale(LC_ALL, "pt-br.utf-8", "pt_BR.utf-8");
$res06 = sprintf($str06, $arg8);
echo '<br><br>' . $res06 . '<br><br>';
?>
EXERCISE
<?php
echo "Testing sprintf() :<br>
basic functionality - using string format.<br><br>";
// Initialise all required variables
$format = "format";
$format1 = "%s";
$format2 = "%s %s";
$format3 = "%s %s %s";
$arg1 = "arg1 argument";
$arg2 = "arg2 argument";
$arg3 = "arg3 argument";
// Calling sprintf() with default arguments
print( sprintf($format) );
echo '<br><br>';
// Calling sprintf() with two arguments
print( sprintf($format1, $arg1) );
echo '<br><br>';
// Calling sprintf() with three arguments
print( sprintf($format2, $arg1, $arg2) );
echo '<br><br>';
// Calling sprintf() with four arguments
print( sprintf($format3, $arg1, $arg2, $arg3) );
?>
EXERCISE
<?php
echo "Testing sprintf() :<br>
basic functionality - using integer format.<br><br>";
// Initialise all required variables
$format = "format";
$format1 = "Number: %d.";
$format2 = "Numbers: %d and %d.";
$format3 = "Numbers: %d, %d and %d.";
$arg1 = 111;
$arg2 = 222;
$arg3 = 333;
// Calling sprintf() with default arguments
echo sprintf($format);
echo '<br><br>';
// Calling sprintf() with two arguments
echo sprintf($format1, $arg1);
echo '<br><br>';
// Calling sprintf() with three arguments
echo sprintf($format2, $arg1, $arg2);
echo '<br><br>';
// Calling sprintf() with four arguments
echo sprintf($format3, $arg1, $arg2, $arg3);
?>
EXERCISE
<?php
echo "Testing sprintf() :<br>
basic functionality - using float format.<br><br>";
// Initialise all required variables
$format = "format";
$format1 = "%f";
$format2 = "%f %f";
$format3 = "%f %f %f";
$format11 = "%F";
$format22 = "%F %F";
$format33 = "%F %F %F";
$arg1 = 11.11;
$arg2 = 22.22;
$arg3 = 33.33;
setlocale(LC_ALL, 'pt_PT', 'pt-PT');
// Calling sprintf() with default arguments
var_dump( sprintf($format) );
echo '<br><br><br>';
// Calling sprintf() with two arguments
var_dump( sprintf($format1, $arg1) );
echo '<br><br>';
var_dump( sprintf($format11, $arg1) );
echo '<br><br><br>';
// Calling sprintf() with three arguments
var_dump( sprintf($format2, $arg1, $arg2) );
echo '<br><br>';
var_dump( sprintf($format22, $arg1, $arg2) );
echo '<br><br><br>';
// Calling sprintf() with four arguments
var_dump( sprintf($format3, $arg1, $arg2, $arg3) );
echo '<br><br>';
var_dump( sprintf($format33, $arg1, $arg2, $arg3) );
?>
EXERCISE
<?php
echo "Testing sprintf() :<br>
basic functionality - using bool format.<br><br>";
// Initialise all required variables
$format = "format";
$format1 = "TRUE = %b.";
$format2 = "TRUE = %b; FALSE = %b.";
$format3 = "TRUE = %b; FALSE = %b; true = %b.";
$arg1 = TRUE;
$arg2 = FALSE;
$arg3 = true;
// Calling sprintf() with default arguments
var_dump( sprintf($format) );
echo '<br><br>';
// Calling sprintf() with two arguments
var_dump( sprintf($format1, $arg1) );
echo '<br><br>';
// Calling sprintf() with three arguments
var_dump( sprintf($format2, $arg1, $arg2) );
echo '<br><br>';
// Calling sprintf() with four arguments
var_dump( sprintf($format3, $arg1, $arg2, $arg3) );
?>
EXERCISE
<?php
echo "Testing sprintf() :<br>
basic functionality - using char format.<br><br>";
// Initialise all required variables
$format = "format";
$format1 = "%c";
$format2 = "%c %c";
$format3 = "%c %c %c";
$arg1 = 65;
$arg2 = 66;
$arg3 = 67;
// Calling sprintf() with default arguments
var_dump( sprintf($format) );
echo '<br><br>';
// Calling sprintf() with two arguments
var_dump( sprintf($format1, $arg1) );
echo '<br><br>';
// Calling sprintf() with three arguments
var_dump( sprintf($format2, $arg1, $arg2) );
echo '<br><br>';
// Calling sprintf() with four arguments
var_dump( sprintf($format3, $arg1, $arg2, $arg3) );
?>
EXERCISE
<?php
echo "Testing sprintf() :<br>
basic functionality - using exponential format.<br><br>";
// Initialise all required variables
$format = "format";
$format1 = "%e";
$format2 = "%E %e";
$format3 = "%e %E %e";
$arg1 = 1000;
$arg2 = 2e3;
$arg3 = +3e3;
// Calling sprintf() with default arguments
var_dump( sprintf($format) );
echo '<br><br>';
// Calling sprintf() with two arguments
var_dump( sprintf($format1, $arg1) );
echo '<br><br>';
// Calling sprintf() with three arguments
var_dump( sprintf($format2, $arg1, $arg2) );
echo '<br><br>';
// Calling sprintf() with four arguments
var_dump( sprintf($format3, $arg1, $arg2, $arg3) );
?>
EXERCISE
<?php
echo "Testing sprintf() :<br>
basic functionality - using unsigned format.<br><br>";
// Initialise all required variables
$format = "format";
$format1 = "%u";
$format2 = "%u %u";
$format3 = "%u %u %u";
$arg1 = -1111;
$arg2 = -1234567;
$arg3 = +2345432;
// Calling sprintf() with default arguments
var_dump( sprintf($format) );
echo '<br><br>';
// Calling sprintf() with two arguments
var_dump( sprintf($format1, $arg1) );
echo '<br><br>';
// Calling sprintf() with three arguments
var_dump( sprintf($format2, $arg1, $arg2) );
echo '<br><br>';
// Calling sprintf() with four arguments
var_dump( sprintf($format3, $arg1, $arg2, $arg3) );
?>
EXERCISE
<?php
echo "Testing sprintf() :<br>
basic functionality - using octal format.<br><br>";
// Initialise all required variables
$format = "format";
$format1 = "%o";
$format2 = "%o %o";
$format3 = "%o %o %o";
$arg1 = 021;
$arg2 = -0347;
$arg3 = 0567;
// Calling sprintf() with default arguments
var_dump( sprintf($format) );
echo '<br><br>';
// Calling sprintf() with two arguments
var_dump( sprintf($format1, $arg1) );
echo '<br><br>';
// Calling sprintf() with three arguments
var_dump( sprintf($format2, $arg1, $arg2) );
echo '<br><br>';
// Calling sprintf() with four arguments
var_dump( sprintf($format3, $arg1, $arg2, $arg3) );
?>
EXERCISE
<?php
echo "Testing sprintf() :<br>
basic functionality - using hexadecimal format.<br><br>";
// Initialise all required variables
// Initialising different format strings
$format = "format";
$format1 = "%x";
$format2 = "%x %x";
$format3 = "%x %x %x";
$format11 = "%X";
$format22 = "%X %X";
$format33 = "%X %X %X";
$arg1 = 11;
$arg2 = 132;
$arg3 = 177;
// Calling sprintf() with default arguments
var_dump( sprintf($format) );
echo '<br><br>';
// Calling sprintf() with two arguments
var_dump( sprintf($format1, $arg1) );
echo '<br><br>';
var_dump( sprintf($format11, $arg1) );
echo '<br><br>';
// Calling sprintf() with three arguments
var_dump( sprintf($format2, $arg1, $arg2) );
echo '<br><br>';
var_dump( sprintf($format22, $arg1, $arg2) );
echo '<br><br>';
// Calling sprintf() with four arguments
var_dump( sprintf($format3, $arg1, $arg2, $arg3) );
echo '<br><br>';
var_dump( sprintf($format33, $arg1, $arg2, $arg3) );
?>
EXERCISE
<?php
var_dump(sprintf("%3.2f", 1.2));
echo "<br><br>";
var_dump(sprintf("%-3.2f", 1.2));
echo "<br><br>";
var_dump(sprintf("%03.2f", 1.2));
echo "<br><br>";
var_dump(sprintf("%-03.2f", 1.2));
echo "<br><br><br>";
var_dump(sprintf("%5.2f", 3.4));
echo "<br><br>";
var_dump(sprintf("%-5.2f", 3.4));
echo "<br><br>";
var_dump(sprintf("%05.2f", 3.4));
echo "<br><br>";
var_dump(sprintf("%-05.2f", 3.4));
echo "<br><br><br>";
var_dump(sprintf("%7.2f", -5.6));
echo "<br><br>";
var_dump(sprintf("%-7.2f", -5.6));
echo "<br><br>";
var_dump(sprintf("%07.2f", -5.6));
echo "<br><br>";
var_dump(sprintf("%-07.2f", -5.6));
echo "<br><br><br>";
var_dump(sprintf("%3.4f", 1.2345678e99));
?>
EXERCISE
<?php
var_dump(sprintf("%.3F", 100.426));
echo '<br><br>';
var_dump(sprintf("%.2F", 100.426));
echo '<br><br>';
var_dump(sprintf("%d", 100.426));
echo '<br><br>';
var_dump(sprintf("%d", 100.9));
echo '<br><br>';
var_dump(sprintf("%o", 100.426));
echo '<br><br>';
var_dump(sprintf("%o", 100.9));
echo '<br><br><br>';
/* copy & paste from the docs */
/* example#1: Argument swapping */
$num = 100.1;
$location = "world";
$format = 'There are %d monkeys in the %s';
var_dump(sprintf($format, $num, $location));
echo '<br><br><br>';
/* example#2: Argument swapping */
$format = 'The %s contains %d monkeys';
var_dump(sprintf($format, $num, $location));
echo '<br><br><br>';
/* example#3: Argument swapping */
$format = 'The %2$s contains %1$d monkeys';
var_dump(sprintf($format, $num, $location));
echo '<br><br><br>';
/* example#4: Argument swapping */
$format = 'The %2$s contains %1$d monkeys.
That\'s a nice %2$s full of %1$d monkeys.';
var_dump(sprintf($format, $num, $location));
echo '<br><br><br>';
/* example#5: various examples */
$n = 43951789;
$u = -43951789;
$c = 65; // ASCII 65 is 'A'
// notice the double %%, this prints a literal '%' character
var_dump(sprintf("%%b = '%b'", $n));
// binary representation
echo '<br><br>';
var_dump(sprintf("%%c = '%c'", $c));
// print the ascii character, same as chr() function
echo '<br><br>';
var_dump(sprintf("%%d = '%d'", $n));
// standard integer representation
echo '<br><br>';
var_dump(sprintf("%%e = '%e'", $n));
// scientific notation
echo '<br><br>';
var_dump(sprintf("%%u = '%u'", $n));
// unsigned integer representation of a positive integer
echo '<br><br>';
var_dump(sprintf("%%u = '%u'", $u));
// unsigned integer representation of a negative integer
echo '<br><br>';
var_dump(sprintf("%%f = '%f'", $n));
// floating point representation
echo '<br><br>';
var_dump(sprintf("%%o = '%o'", $n));
// octal representation
echo '<br><br>';
var_dump(sprintf("%%s = '%s'", $n));
// string representation
echo '<br><br>';
var_dump(sprintf("%%x = '%x'", $n));
// hexadecimal representation (lower-case)
echo '<br><br>';
var_dump(sprintf("%%X = '%X'", $n));
// hexadecimal representation (upper-case)
echo '<br><br><br>';
var_dump(sprintf("%%+d = '%+d'", $n));
echo '<br><br><br>';
// sign specifier on a positive integer
var_dump(sprintf("%%+d = '%+d'", $u));
// sign specifier on a negative integer
echo '<br><br><br>';
/* example#6: string specifiers */
$s = 'monkey';
$t = 'many monkeys';
var_dump(sprintf("[%s]", $s));
// standard string output
echo '<br><br>';
var_dump(sprintf("[%10s]", $s));
// right-justification with spaces
echo '<br><br>';
var_dump(sprintf("[%-10s]", $s));
// left-justification with spaces
echo '<br><br>';
var_dump(sprintf("[%010s]", $s));
// zero-padding works on strings too
echo '<br><br>';
var_dump(sprintf("[%'#10s]", $s));
// use the custom padding character '#'
echo '<br><br>';
var_dump(sprintf("[%10.10s]", $t));
// left-justification but with a cutoff of 10 characters
echo '<br><br><br>';
/* example#7: zero-padded integers */
var_dump(sprintf("%04d-%02d-%02d", 2006, 12, 18));
echo '<br><br><br>';
/* example#8: formatting currency */
$money1 = 68.75;
$money2 = 54.35;
$money = $money1 + $money2;
var_dump(sprintf("%01.2f", $money));
// output "123.10"
echo '<br><br>';
/* example#9: scientific notation */
$number = 362525200;
var_dump(sprintf("%.3e", $number));
// outputs 3.63e+8
?>
EXERCISE
<?php
setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, "is_IS", "is-IS", "is_IS.UTF-8");
var_dump(sprintf("%.3f", 100.426));
echo '<br><br>';
var_dump(sprintf("%.2f", 100.426));
echo '<br><br>';
var_dump(sprintf("%f'", 100.426));
echo '<br><br><br>';
$money1 = 68.75;
$money2 = 54.35;
$money = $money1 + $money2;
var_dump(sprintf("%01.2f", $money));
echo '<br><br>';
var_dump(sprintf("%.3e", $money));
?>
EXERCISE
<?php
/*
* Testing sprintf() :
* with different unexpected values for
* format argument other than the strings
*/
echo "Testing sprintf() :<br>
with unexpected values for format argument.<br>";
// initialing required variables
$arg1 = "second arg";
$arg2 = "third arg";
//get an unset variable
$unset_var = 10;
unset ($unset_var);
// declaring class
class sample
{
public function __toString() {
return "Object";
}
}
// creating a file resource
$file_handle = fopen(__FILE__, 'r');
//array of values to iterate over
$values = array(
// int data
0,
1,
12345,
-2345,
// float data
10.5,
-10.5,
10.1234567e10,
10.7654321E-10,
.5,
// array data
array(),
array(0),
array(1),
array(1, 2),
array('color' => 'red', 'item' => 'pen'),
// null data
NULL,
null,
// boolean data
true,
false,
TRUE,
FALSE,
// empty data
"",
'',
// object data
new sample(),
// undefined data
@$undefined_var,
// unset data
@$unset_var,
// resource data
$file_handle
);
// loop through each element of the array for format
$count = 1;
foreach($values as $value) {
echo "<br><br>Iteration: $count<br>";
// with default argument
try {
var_dump(sprintf($value));
} catch (TypeError $exception) {
echo $exception->getMessage() . "<br>";
}
// with two arguments
try {
var_dump(sprintf($value, $arg1));
} catch (TypeError $exception) {
echo $exception->getMessage() . "<br>";
}
// with three arguments
try {
var_dump(sprintf($value, $arg1, $arg2));
} catch (TypeError $exception) {
echo $exception->getMessage() . "<br>";
}
$count++;
}
// close the resource
fclose($file_handle);
?>
EXERCISE
<?php
echo "Testing sprintf() :<br>
with different types of values
passed for arg1 argument.<br>";
// initialing required variables
$format = '%s';
$arg2 = 'third argument';
//get an unset variable
$unset_var = 10;
unset ($unset_var);
// declaring class
class sample
{
public function __toString() {
return "Object";
}
}
// creating a file resource
$file_handle = fopen(__FILE__, 'r');
//array of values to iterate over
$values = array(
// int data
0,
1,
12345,
-2345,
// float data
10.5,
-10.5,
10.1234567e10,
10.7654321E-10,
.5,
// array data
array(),
array(0),
array(1),
array(1, 2),
array('color' => 'red', 'item' => 'pen'),
// null data
NULL,
null,
// boolean data
true,
false,
TRUE,
FALSE,
// empty data
"",
'',
// string data
"string",
'string',
// object data
new sample(),
// undefined data
@$undefined_var,
// unset data
@$unset_var,
// resource data
$file_handle
);
// loop through each element of the array for arg1
$count = 1;
foreach($values as $value) {
echo "<br><br>Iteration: $count<br>";
// with two arguments
var_dump( sprintf($format, $value) );
// with three arguments
var_dump( sprintf($format, $value, $arg2) );
$count++;
};
// closing the resource
fclose($file_handle);
?>
EXERCISE
<?php
setlocale(LC_ALL, 'de-DE', 'de_DE');
echo "Testing sprintf() :<br>
float formats with integer values.<br>";
// array of int type values
$integer_values = array (
0,
1,
-1,
-2147483648,
// max negative integer value
-2147483647,
2147483647,
// max positive integer value
2147483640,
0x123B,
// integer as hexadecimal
0x12ab,
0Xfff,
0XFA,
-0x80000000,
// max negative integer as hexadecimal
0x7fffffff,
// max positive integer as hexadecimal
0x7FFFFFFF,
// max positive integer as hexadecimal
0123,
// integer as octal
01,
// should be quivalent to octal 1
-020000000000,
// max negative integer as octal
017777777777
// max positive integer as octal
);
// various float formats
$float_formats = array(
"%f", "%lf", " %f", "%f ",
"\t%f", "\n%f", "%4f", "%30f",
);
$count = 1;
foreach($integer_values as $int_value) {
echo "<br><br>Iteration: $count<br>";
foreach($float_formats as $format) {
// with two arguments
var_dump( sprintf($format, $int_value) );
echo '<br><br>';
}
$count++;
};
?>
EXERCISE
<?php
echo "Testing sprintf() :<br>
string formats with string values.<br>";
// defining different heredoc strings
/* string created using Heredoc (<<<) */
$heredoc_string = <<<EOT
This is string defined
using heredoc.
EOT;
/* heredoc string with only numerics */
$heredoc_numeric_string = <<<EOT
123456 3993
4849 string
EOT;
/* null heardoc string */
$heredoc_empty_string = <<<EOT
EOT;
$heredoc_null_string = <<<EOT
NULL
EOT;
// array of strings used to test the function
$string_values = [
"",
" ",
'',
' ',
"string",
'string',
"NULL",
'null',
"FALSE",
'true',
"\x0b",
"\0",
'\0',
'\060',
"\070",
"0x55F",
"055",
"@#$#$%%$^^$%^%^$^&",
$heredoc_string,
$heredoc_numeric_string,
$heredoc_empty_string,
$heredoc_null_string
];
// array of string formats
$string_formats = [
"%s", "%ls", " %s", "%s ",
"\t%s", "\n%s", "%4s", "%30s",
];
$count = 1;
foreach($string_values as $string_value) {
echo "<br><br>Iteration: $count<br>";
foreach($string_formats as $format) {
var_dump( sprintf($format, $string_value) );
echo '<br><br>';
}
$count++;
};
?>
EXERCISE
<?php
echo "Testing sprintf() :<br>
char formats with char values,<br>";
// array of char values
$char_values = array( 'a', "a", 67, -67, 99, ' ', '', 'A', "A" );
// array of char formats
$char_formats = array(
"%c", "%lc", " %c", "%c ",
"\t%c", "\n%c", "%4c", "%30c",
);
$count = 1;
foreach($char_values as $char_value) {
echo "<br><br>Iteration: $count<br>";
foreach($char_formats as $format) {
var_dump( sprintf($format, $char_value) );
echo '<br><br>';
}
$count++;
};
?>
EXERCISE
<?php
echo "Testing sprintf() :<br>
octal formats with integer values.<br>";
// array of integer values
$integer_values = array(
0,
1,
-1,
-2147483648,
// max negative integer value
-2147483647,
2147483647,
// max positive integer value
2147483640,
0x123B,
// integer as hexadecimal
0x12ab,
0Xfff,
0XFA,
-0x80000000,
// max negative integer as hexadecimal
0x7fffffff, // max positive integer as hexadecimal
0x7FFFFFFF,
// max positive integer as hexadecimal
0123,
// integer as octal
01,
// should be quivalent to octal 1
-020000000000,
// max negative integer as octal
017777777777
// max positive integer as octal
);
// array of octal formats
$octal_formats = array(
"%o", "%lo", " %o", "%o ",
"\t%o", "\n%o", "%4o", "%30o",
);
$count = 1;
foreach($integer_values as $integer_value) {
echo "<br><br>Iteration: $count<br>";
foreach($octal_formats as $format) {
var_dump( sprintf($format, $integer_value) );
echo '<br><br>';
}
$count++;
};
?>
EXERCISE
<?php
echo "Testing sprintf() :<br>
integer formats with integer values.<br>";
// different valid integer values
$valid_ints = array(
0,
1,
-1,
-2147483648,
// max negative integer value
-2147483647,
2147483647,
// max positive integer value
2147483640,
0x123B,
// integer as hexadecimal
0x12ab,
0Xfff,
0XFA,
-0x80000000,
// max negative integer as hexadecimal
0x7fffffff,
// max positive integer as hexadecimal
0x7FFFFFFF,
// max positive integer as hexadecimal
0123,
// integer as octal
01,
// should be quivalent to octal 1
-020000000000,
// max negative integer as octal
017777777777
// max positive integer as octal
);
// various integer formats
$int_formats = array(
"%d", "%ld", " %d", "%d ",
"\t%d", "\n%d", "%4d", "%30d",
);
$count = 1;
foreach($valid_ints as $int_value) {
echo "<br><br>Iteration: $count<br>";
foreach($int_formats as $format) {
var_dump( sprintf($format, $int_value) );
echo '<br><br>';
}
$count++;
};
echo "Done";
?>
EXERCISE
<?php
echo "Testing sprintf() :<br>
hexa formats with integer values.<br>";
// array of integer values
$integer_values = [
0,
1,
-1,
-2147483648,
// max negative integer value
-2147483647,
2147483647,
// max positive integer value
2147483640,
0x123B,
// integer as hexadecimal
0x12ab,
0Xfff,
0XFA,
-0x80000000,
// max negative integer as hexadecimal
0x7fffffff,
// max positive integer as hexadecimal
0x7FFFFFFF,
// max positive integer as hexadecimal
0123,
// integer as octal
01,
// should be quivalent to octal 1
-020000000000,
// max negative integer as octal
017777777777
// max positive integer as octal
];
// array of hexa formats
$hexa_formats = [
"%x", "%xx", "%lx", " %x", "%x ",
"\t%x", "\n%x", "%4x", "%30x",
];
$count = 1;
foreach($integer_values as $integer_value) {
echo "<br><br>Iteration: $count<br>";
foreach($hexa_formats as $format) {
var_dump( sprintf($format, $integer_value) );
echo '<br><br>';
}
$count++;
};
?>
EXERCISE
<?php
echo "Testing sprintf() :<br>
unsigned formats with integer values.<br>";
// array of integer values
$integer_values = [
0,
1,
-1,
-2147483648,
// max negative integer value
-2147483647,
2147483647,
// max positive integer value
+2147483640,
0x123B,
// integer as hexadecimal
0x12ab,
0Xfff,
0XFA,
-0x80000000,
// max negative integer as hexadecimal
0x7fffffff,
// max positive integer as hexadecimal
0x7FFFFFFF,
// max positive integer as hexadecimal
0123,
// integer as octal
01,
// should be quivalent to octal 1
-020000000000,
// max negative integer as octal
017777777777
// max positive integer as octal
];
// array of unsigned formats
$unsigned_formats = [
"%u", "%lu", " %u", "%u ",
"\t%u", "\n%u", "%4u", "%30u",
];
$count = 1;
foreach($integer_values as $integer_value) {
echo "<br><br>Iteration: $count<br>";
foreach($unsigned_formats as $format) {
var_dump( sprintf($format, $integer_value) );
echo '<br><br>';
}
$count++;
};
?>
EXERCISE
<?php
echo "Testing sprintf() :<br>
scientific formats with integer values.<br>";
// array of integer values
$integer_values = array(
0,
1,
-1,
-2147483648,
// max negative integer value
-2147483647,
2147483647,
// max positive integer value
2147483640,
0x123B,
// integer as hexadecimal
0x12ab,
0Xfff,
0XFA,
-0x80000000,
// max negative integer as hexadecimal
0x7fffffff,
// max positive integer as hexadecimal
0x7FFFFFFF,
// max positive integer as hexadecimal
0123,
// integer as octal
01,
// should be quivalent to octal 1
-020000000000,
// max negative integer as octal
017777777777
// max positive integer as octal
);
// array of scientific formats
$scientific_formats = array(
"%e", "%le", " %e", "%e ",
"\t%e", "\n%e", "%4e", "%30e",
);
$count = 1;
foreach($integer_values as $integer_value) {
echo "<br><br>Iteration: $count<br>";
foreach($scientific_formats as $format) {
var_dump( sprintf($format, $integer_value) );
echo '<br><br>';
}
$count++;
};
?>
EXERCISE
<?php
echo "Testing sprintf() :<br>
scientific formats with float values.<br>";
// array of float values
$float_values = array(
-2147483649,
2147483648,
-0x80000001,
// float value, beyond max negative int
0x800000001,
// float value, beyond max positive int
020000000001,
// float value, beyond max positive int
-020000000001,
// float value, beyond max negative int
0.0,
-0.1,
1.0,
1e5,
-1e5,
-1e5,
+1e5,
1e+5,
-1e-5,
1E8,
-1E9,
10.0000000000000000005,
10.5e+5
);
// array of scientific formats
$scientific_formats = array(
"%e", "%le", " %e", "%e ",
"\t%e", "\n%e", "%4e", "%30e",
);
$count = 1;
foreach($float_values as $float_value) {
echo "<br><br>Iteration: $count<br>";
foreach($scientific_formats as $format) {
var_dump( sprintf($format, $float_value) );
echo '<br><br>';
}
$count++;
};
echo "Done";
?>
EXERCISE
<?php
echo "Testing sprintf() :<BR>
with typical format strings.<BR>";
// initialising required variables
$tempnum = 12345;
$tempstring = "abcdefghjklmnpqrstuvwxyz";
echo"<br><br>Testing for '%%%.2f' as the
format parameter:<br>";
var_dump(sprintf("%%%.2f", 1.23456789e10));
echo"<br><br>Testing for '%%' as the
format parameter:<br>";
var_dump(sprintf("%%", 1.23456789e10));
echo"<br><br>Testing for precision value
more than maximum:<br>";
var_dump(sprintf("%.988f", 1.23456789e10));
echo"<br><br>Testing for invalid
width(-15) specifier:<br>";
try {
var_dump(sprintf("%030.-15s", $tempstring));
} catch (ValueError $e) {
echo $e->getMessage(), "\n";
}
echo"<br><br>Testing for '%X' as the
format parameter:<br>";
var_dump(sprintf("%X", 12));
echo"<br><br>Testing for multiple
format parameters:<br>";
var_dump(sprintf("%d %s %d\n", $tempnum,
$tempstring,
$tempnum));
echo"<br><br>Testing for excess of
mixed type arguments :<br>";
var_dump(sprintf("%s", $tempstring,
$tempstring,
$tempstring));
?>
EXERCISE
<?php
echo "Testing sprintf() :<br>
with white spaces in format strings.<br><br>";
// setlocale(LC_ALL, 'pt_BR', 'pt-BR');
// initializing the format array
$formats = array(
"% d", "% d", "% d",
"% f", "% f", "% f",
"% F", "% F", "% F",
"% b", "% b", "% b",
"% c", "% c", "% c",
"% e", "% e", "% e",
"% u", "% u", "% u",
"% o", "% o", "% o",
"% x", "% x", "% x",
"% X", "% X", "% X",
"% E", "% E", "% E"
);
// initializing the args array
foreach($formats as $format) {
var_dump( sprintf($format, 1234) );
echo '<br><br>';
}
?>
EXERCISE
<?php
$formats = ['s', 'd', 'u', 'f', 'c', 'x'];
$values = [null, false, true, 2, 3.5, "foo", [], [1],
fopen(__FILE__, "r"), new stdClass];
foreach ($formats as $format) {
foreach ($values as $value) {
echo "$format with " . (is_resource($value) ?
"resource" : md5($value)) . ":<br>";
try {
echo sprintf("%" . $format, $value), "<br>";
} catch (Error $e) {
echo $e->getMessage(), "<br>";
}
echo "<br>";
}
}
?>
EXERCISE
<?php
echo "Testing sprintf() :<br>
float formats with float values.<br>";
setlocale(LC_ALL, 'es_AR', 'es-AR');
// array of float type values
$float_values = array (
-2147483649,
// float value
2147483648,
// float value
-0x80000001,
// float value, beyond max negative int
0x800000001,
// float value, beyond max positive int
020000000001,
// float value, beyond max positive int
-020000000001,
// float value, beyond max negative int
0.0,
-0.1,
10.0000000000000000005,
10.5e+5,
1e5,
-1e5,
1e-5,
-1e-5,
1e+5,
-1e+5,
1E5,
-1E5,
1E+5,
-1E+5,
1E-5,
-1E-5,
.5e+7,
-.5e+7,
.6e-19,
-.6e-19,
.05E+44,
-.05E+44,
.0034E-30,
-.0034E-30
);
// various float formats
$float_formats = array(
"%f", "%lf", " %f", "%f ",
"\t%f", "\n%f", "%4f", "%30f",
);
$count = 1;
foreach($float_values as $float_value) {
echo "<br><br>Iteration: $count<br>";
foreach($float_formats as $format) {
var_dump( sprintf($format, $float_value) );
echo '<br><br>';
}
$count++;
};
?>
EXERCISE
<?php
echo "Testing sprintf() :<br>
error conditions.<br>";
// Zero arguments
echo "<br><br>Testing sprintf() function
with Zero arguments:<br>";
try {
var_dump( sprintf() );
} catch (TypeError $e) {
echo $e->getMessage(), "<br>";
}
echo "<br><br>Testing sprintf() function
with less than expected
number of arguments:<br>";
$format1 = '%s';
$format2 = '%s%s';
$format3 = '%s%s%s';
$arg1 = 'one';
$arg2 = 'two';
// with one argument less than expected
try {
var_dump( sprintf($format1) );
} catch (\ArgumentCountError $e) {
echo $e->getMessage(), "<br>";
}
try {
var_dump( sprintf($format2,$arg1) );
} catch (\ArgumentCountError $e) {
echo $e->getMessage(), "<br>";
}
try {
var_dump( sprintf($format3,$arg1,$arg2) );
} catch (\ArgumentCountError $e) {
echo $e->getMessage(), "<br>";
}
// with two argument less than expected
try {
var_dump( sprintf($format2) );
} catch (\ArgumentCountError $e) {
echo $e->getMessage(), "<br>";
}
try {
var_dump( sprintf($format3,$arg1) );
} catch (\ArgumentCountError $e) {
echo $e->getMessage(), "<br>";
}
// with three argument less than expected
try {
var_dump( sprintf($format3) );
} catch (\ArgumentCountError $e) {
echo $e->getMessage(), "<br>";
}
try {
var_dump(sprintf('%100$d %d'));
} catch (\ArgumentCountError $e) {
echo $e->getMessage(), "<br>";
}
try {
var_dump(sprintf("foo %", 42));
} catch (ValueError $e) {
echo $e->getMessage(), "<br>";
}
?>