PHP, Date-Time and Calendar functions

$format

RECOGNIZED CHARACTERS
format character	Description	Example returned values
Day
d	Day of the month, 2 digits with leading zeros	01 to 31
D	A textual representation of a day, three letters	Mon through Sun
j	Day of the month without leading zeros	1 to 31
l	A full textual representation of the day of the week	Sunday through Saturday
N	ISO-8601 numeric representation of the day of the week Since PHP 5.1.0	1 (for Monday) through 7 (for Sunday)
S	English ordinal suffix for the day of the month, 2 characters	st, nd, rd or th. Works well with j
w	Numeric representation of the day of the week	0 (for Sunday) through 6 (for Saturday)
z	The day of the year (starting from 0)	0 through 365
Week
W	ISO-8601 week number of year, weeks starting on Monday	Example: 42 (the 42nd week in the year)
Month
F	A full textual representation of a month, such as January or March	January through December
m	Numeric representation of a month, with leading zeros	01 through 12
M	A short textual representation of a month, three letters	Jan through Dec
n	Numeric representation of a month, without leading zeros	1 through 12
t	Number of days in the given month	28 through 31
Year
L	Whether it's a leap year	1 if it is a leap year, 0 otherwise.
o	ISO-8601 week-numbering year. This has the same value as Y, except that if the ISO week number (W) belongs to the previous or next year, that year is used instead. Since PHP 5.1.0	Examples: 1999 or 2018
Y	A full numeric representation of a year, 4 digits	Examples: 1999 or 2018
y	A two digit representation of a year	Examples: 99 or 18
Time
a	Lowercase Ante meridiem and Post meridiem	am or pm
A	Uppercase Ante meridiem and Post meridiem	AM or PM
B	Swatch Internet time	000 through 999
g	12-hour format of an hour without leading zeros	1 through 12
G	24-hour format of an hour without leading zeros	0 through 23
h	12-hour format of an hour with leading zeros	01 through 12
H	24-hour format of an hour with leading zeros	00 through 23
i	Minutes with leading zeros	00 to 59
s	Seconds, with leading zeros	00 through 59
u	Microseconds - Since PHP 5.2.2. Note that date will always generate 000000 since it takes an integer parameter, whereas DateTime::format does support microseconds if DateTime created with microseconds.	Example: 654321
v	Milliseconds - Since PHP 7.0.0. Same note applies as for u.	Example: 654
Timezone
e	Timezone identifier Since PHP 5.1.0	Examples: UTC, GMT, Atlantic/Azores
I (capital i)	Whether or not the date is in Daylight Saving Time	1 if DST, 0 if not DST.
O	Difference to Greenwich time (GMT) in hours	Example: +0200
P	Difference to Greenwich time (GMT) with colon between hours and minutes. Since PHP 5.1.3	Example: +02:00
T	Timezone abbreviation	Examples: EST, MDT ...
Z	Timezone offset in seconds. The offset for timezones west of UTC is always negative, and for those east of UTC is always positive.	-43200 through 50400
Full Date/Time
c	ISO 8601 date (added in PHP 5)	2004-02-12T15:19:21+00:00
r	RFC 2822 formatted date	Example: Thu, 21 Dec 2000 16:01:07 +0200
U	Seconds since the Unix Epoch: January 1 1970 00:00:00 GMT	See also the function time
ed48

PREDEFINED DATE CONSTANTS

FORMAT DATES
Usual Interface	DateTimeInterface STRING DESCRIPTION
DATE_ATOM	DateTimeInterface::ATOM Y-m-d\TH:i:sP Atom: 2018-08-15T15:52:01+00:00
DATE_COOKIE	DateTimeInterface::COOKIE l, d-M-Y H:i:s T HTTP Cookies: Monday, 15-Aug-2018 15:52:01 UTC
* DATE_ISO8601	DateTimeInterface::ISO8601 Y-m-d\TH:i:sO ISO-8601: 2018-08-15T15:52:01+0000
DATE_RFC822	DateTimeInterface::RFC822 D, d M y H:i:s O RFC 822: Mon, 15 Aug 18 15:52:01 +0000
DATE_RFC850	DateTimeInterface::RFC850 l, d-M-y H:i:s T RFC 850: Monday, 15-Aug-18 15:52:01 UTC
DATE_RFC1036	DateTimeInterface::RFC1036 D, d M y H:i:s O RFC 1036: Mon, 15 Aug 18 15:52:01 +0000
DATE_RFC1123	DateTimeInterface::RFC1123 D, d M Y H:i:s O RFC 1123: Mon, 15 Aug 2018 15:52:01 +0000
DATE_RFC2822	DateTimeInterface::RFC2822 D, d M Y H:i:s O RFC 2822: Mon, 15 Aug 2018 15:52:01 +0000
DATE_RFC7231	DateTimeInterface::RFC7231 D, d M Y H:i:s \G\M\T RFC 7231: Mon, 15 Aug 2018 15:52:01 GMT
DATE_RFC3339	DateTimeInterface::RFC3339 Y-m-d\TH:i:sP Same as DATE_ATOM Since PHP 5.1.3
DATE_RFC3339_EXTENDED	DateTimeInterface::RFC3339_EXTENDED Y-m-d\TH:i:s.vP RFC3339_EXTENDED format Since PHP 7.0.0 2018-08-15T15:52:01.000+00:00
DATE_RSS	DateTimeInterface::RSS D, d M Y H:i:s O RSS: Mon, 15 Aug 2018 15:52:01 +0000
DATE_W3C	DateTimeInterface::W3C Y-m-d\TH:i:sP World Wide Web Consortium: 2018-08-15T15:52:01+00:00
ed48

* This format is not compatible with ISO-8601, but is left this way for backward compatibility reasons.

Use DATE_ATOM or DateTime::ATOM for compatibility with ISO-8601 instead.

$timestamp

The timestamp to be considered.

See also:

gmdate and date_create_from_format for related formats.

Since PHP 8.0.0 $timestamp is nullable.

EXERCISE


<?php





$datef01a = [ 'DATE_ATOM' => DATE_ATOM, 

               'DATE_COOKIE' => DATE_COOKIE, 

               'DATE_ISO8601' => DATE_ISO8601, 

               'DATE_RFC822' => DATE_RFC822,    

               'DATE_RFC850' => DATE_RFC850,              

               'DATE_RFC1036' => DATE_RFC1036, 

               'DATE_RFC1123' => DATE_RFC1123,

               'DATE_RFC2822' => DATE_RFC2822, 

               'DATE_RFC7231' => DATE_RFC7231,

               'DATE_RFC3339' => DATE_RFC3339, 

               'DATE_RFC3339_EXTENDED' => 

                               DATE_RFC3339_EXTENDED, 

               'DATE_RSS' => DATE_RSS, 

               'DATE_W3C' => DATE_W3C ];



foreach($datef01a as $k01a => $v01a)

{

    echo $k01a . '<br>' . $v01a . '<br>';

    echo date($v01a) . '<br><br>';

}



?>

EXERCISE


<?php



$str_tz = 'Asia/Tokyo';



$tzok = date_default_timezone_set($str_tz);



// If the timezone is not assigned, UTC will be considered



$datef_01 = date("l F d Y h:i:s A");



// If $ int_timestamp, is not provided, 

// the current value of time() will be considered



$ts_now = time(); 

// CURRENT TIMESTAMP



$datef_02 =  date("l F d Y H:i:s", $ts_now);



echo 'date("l F d Y h:i A")<br><br>' . $datef_01;



echo '<br><br><br>date("l F d Y H:i:s", time())<br><br>' . $datef_02 . '<br>';



?>

EXERCISE


<?php



$str_tz = 'UTC';



$tzok = date_default_timezone_set($str_tz);



$ts_zero = 0; 

// VALUE OF TIMESTAMP EQUAL TO ZERO



$datef_03 =  date("l F d Y H:i:s", $ts_zero);



echo '<br><br><br>date("l F d Y H:i:s", time())<br><br>' . $datef_03 . '<br>';



?>

EXERCISE


<?php 



$str_tz = 'UTC'; 



$tzok = date_default_timezone_set($str_tz); 



$ts_ant = -112345678; 

// VALUE OF TIMESTAMP LESS THAN ZERO



$datef_04 =  date("l F d Y H:i:s", $ts_ant); 



echo '<br><br><br>date("l F d Y H:i:s", time())<br><br>' . $datef_04 . '<br>';



?>

EXERCISE


<?php 



$str_tz = 'Asia/Tokyo'; 



$tzok = date_default_timezone_set($str_tz); 



// If the timezone is not assigned, UTC will be considered 



$datef_05 = date("D, d M Y H:i:s \G\M\T"); 



// If $int_timestamp, is not provided,  

// the current value of time() will be considered 



$ts_now = time();

// CURRENT TIMESTAMP 



$datef_06 =  date("l F d Y H:i:s", $ts_now); 



echo 'date("l F d Y h:i A")<br><br>' . $datef_05; 



echo '<br><br><br>date("l F d Y H:i:s", time())<br><br>' . $datef_06 . '<br>'; 



?>

EXERCISE


<?php 



$str_tz = 'UTC'; 



$tzok = date_default_timezone_set($str_tz); 



// If the timezone is not assigned, UTC will be considered 



$datef_06 = date(DATE_COOKIE); 



// If $int_timestamp, is not provided,  

// the current value of time() will be considered 



$ts_now = time(); 

// CURRENT TIMESTAMP 



$datef_07 =  date(DATE_COOKIE, $ts_now); 



echo 'date(DATE_COOKIE)<br><br>' . $datef_06; 



echo '<br><br><br>date(DATE_COOKIE, time())<br><br>' . $datef_07 . '<br>'; 



?>

EXERCISE


<?php 



$str_tz = 'America/Los_Angeles'; 



$tzok = date_default_timezone_set($str_tz); 



$datef07a = [ "DATE_TOM" => DateTimeInterface::ATOM, 

               "DATE_COOKIE" => DateTimeInterface::COOKIE, 

               "DATE_ISO8601" => DateTimeInterface::ISO8601, 

               "DATE_RFC822" => DateTimeInterface::RFC822,    

               "DATE_RFC850" => DateTimeInterface::RFC850,              

               "DATE_RFC1036" => DateTimeInterface::RFC1036, 

               "DATE_RFC1123" => DateTimeInterface::RFC1123,

               "DATE_RFC2822" => DateTimeInterface::RFC2822, 

               "DATE_RFC7231" => DateTimeInterface::RFC7231,

               "DATE_RFC3339" => DateTimeInterface::RFC3339, 

               "DATE_RFC3339_EXTENDED" => 

                                DateTimeInterface::RFC3339_EXTENDED, 

               "DATE_RSS" => DateTimeInterface::RSS, 

               "DATE_W3C" => DateTimeInterface::W3C ]; 

               

               foreach($datef07a as $k07 => $v07)

               {   

                   echo $k07 . '<br>' . $v07 . '<br>';

                   echo date($v07) . '<br><br>';

               }

               



?>